Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha nsalu zansalu ndikuzindikiritsa nsalu wamba

Nsalu za nsalundi ukadaulo waukadaulo. Monga wogula mafashoni, ngakhale kuti sitiyenera kudziŵa bwino za nsalu monga akatswiri a nsalu, ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha nsalu ndikutha kuzindikira nsalu wamba, kumvetsetsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nsaluzi ndi masitaelo oyenerera.

1. Zambiri za nsalu

(1) Kupanga nsalu: Kupangidwa kwa nsalu, kuphatikizapo zipangizo, kumverera kwa manja, ndi zina zotero, kumatsimikizira kuti zizindikiro zambiri za nsalu ndizo zomwe makasitomala ayenera kumvetsa pogula zinthu, choncho ndizofunikira kwambiri.

(2) Makhalidwe a unamwino: chisamaliro cha nsalu chimaphatikizapo kuchapa, kukonza, etc., zomwe ndizo zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto adzakhudzidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zina makasitomala amasiya kugula katunduyo chifukwa chisamaliro chimakhala chovuta kwambiri.

(3) Nsalu ndi zoluka: Chifukwa cha zida zosiyanasiyana zoluka ndi njira zoluka, nsalu za nsalu zili ndi magulu awiri otsatirawa:

① Nsalu: ndi magulu awiri kapena angapo a ulusi wina ndi mzake ku ngodya yakumanja, ulusi wautali umatchedwa warp, ulusi wopita kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo umatchedwa weft. Chifukwa ulusi wa nsalu umadutsana wina ndi mzake moyima, derali limakhala lolimba, lokhazikika, komanso lochepa kwambiri.

② Cholumikizira: kapangidwe ka mphete ya ulusi imapanga mphete ya singano, mphete yatsopano ya singano kudzera mu mphete ya singano yapitayi, mobwerezabwereza, ndiko kuti, mapangidwe a chinthu choluka.

(4) Mapangidwe a nsalu: Zotsatirazi ndizo zigawo zitatu zoyambirira za nsalu, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti bungwe loyambira. Mabungwe ena onse amachokera ku kusintha kutatu kwa bungwe.

① Gulu lathyathyathya: zopindika za nsalu yathyathyathya zimayandama ndikunyowa. Makhalidwe a bungwe lathyathyathya ndiloti maonekedwe a mbali zonse za nsalu ndi zofanana, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi lathyathyathya, choncho amatchedwa gulu lathyathyathya. Maonekedwe a nsalu yoyera ndi yolimba, choyipa chake ndikumverera molimba, chitsanzocho ndi chopanda pake.

② Minofu yopindika: malo a minofu ya till till ndi njira yopendekera mosalekeza. Makhalidwe a nsalu ya twill minofu ndi yakuti nsaluyo imakhala ndi kusiyana kwa kutsogolo ndi koipa, yomwe imakhala yolimba komanso yowonjezereka kusiyana ndi nsalu yosalala, yonyezimira bwino komanso yofewa. Komabe, pansi pa chikhalidwe cha makulidwe omwewo ndi kachulukidwe ka warp ft, kulimba kwake kumakhala kocheperapo kusiyana ndi nsalu yopyapyala.

③ Bungwe la Satin: Gulu la Satin ndilovuta kwambiri pamagulu atatu oyambirira. Makhalidwe a minofu ya satin ndi: nsalu pamwamba pake ndi yosalala, yodzaza ndi kuwala, kapangidwe kake ndi kofewa, koma poyerekeza ndi nsalu yathyathyathya, nsalu ya twill, yosavuta kukangana kunja ndi tsitsi, ngakhale kuwonongeka. Bungwe la tirigu limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazovala zamavalidwe.

(5) Kulemera kwa nsalu: -kawirikawiri ndi kulemera kwa gramu pa mita imodzi, amatanthauza kulemera kwa nsalu, ndikuwonetsa makulidwe a index ya nsalu. Monga wogula ayenera kumvetsa ambiri kulemera wamba kasupe ndi chilimwe ochiritsira nsalu (makamaka oluka nsalu) ndi wamba kulemera kwa autumn ndi yozizira ochiritsira nsalu.

2. Gulu la ulusi wa nsalu

Nsalu CHIKWANGWANI makamaka ogaŵikana CHIKWANGWANI zachilengedwe ndi CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala.

(1) Ulusi wachilengedwe: umatanthawuza ulusi wansalu womwe umachokera ku zomera kapena nyama. Muli ulusi wa zomera (thonje, hemp) ndi ulusi wa nyama (tsitsi, silika).

(2) Chemical CHIKWANGWANI: izo makamaka anawagawa m'magulu atatu otsatirawa:

① CHIKWANGWANI chobwezerezedwanso: CHIKWANGWANI chopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa cellulose wachilengedwe. Rayon, rayon ndi tsitsi labodza amapangidwa ndi njirayi.

② Synthetic CHIKWANGWANI: poliyesitala, akiliriki, nayiloni, polypropylene, chlorine CHIKWANGWANI ndi m'gulu limeneli.

③ Inorganic CHIKWANGWANI: silicate CHIKWANGWANI, CHIKWANGWANI zitsulo ndiye m'gulu ili,

3. Kumveka bwino kwa nsalu wamba

Zotsatirazi ndizo ubwino ndi zovuta zazikulu za nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi njira zozindikiritsira.

(1) Thonje:

① mbali zazikulu:

a. Kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa chinyezi.

b. Nsalu ya thonje ndi yosakhazikika ku ma inorganic acid.

c. Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ku dzuwa ndi mlengalenga, nsalu ya thonje imatha kusewera pang'onopang'ono makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa kwambiri.

d. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhungu ndi nsalu zina za thonje.

② ubwino waukulu:

A, pamwamba pa nsaluyo amakhala ndi kuwala kofewa komanso kumva kofewa.

(5) Nsalu gramu kulemera (Nsalu kulemera): -kawirikawiri ndi gramu kulemera kwa mita lalikulu, amatanthauza kulemera kwa mita lalikulu la nsalu, ndi kusonyeza makulidwe a index nsalu. Monga wogula ayenera kumvetsa ambiri kulemera wamba kasupe ndi chilimwe ochiritsira nsalu (makamaka oluka nsalu) ndi wamba kulemera kwa autumn ndi yozizira ochiritsira nsalu.

2. Gulu la ulusi wa nsalu

Nsalu CHIKWANGWANI makamaka ogaŵikana CHIKWANGWANI zachilengedwe ndi CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala.

(1) Ulusi wachilengedwe: umatanthawuza ulusi wansalu womwe umachokera ku zomera kapena nyama. Muli ulusi wa zomera (thonje, hemp) ndi ulusi wa nyama (tsitsi, silika).

(2) Chemical CHIKWANGWANI: izo makamaka anawagawa m'magulu atatu otsatirawa:

① CHIKWANGWANI chobwezerezedwanso: CHIKWANGWANI chopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa cellulose wachilengedwe. Rayon, rayon ndi tsitsi labodza amapangidwa ndi njirayi.

② Synthetic CHIKWANGWANI: poliyesitala, akiliriki, nayiloni, polypropylene, chlorine CHIKWANGWANI ndi m'gulu limeneli.

③ Inorganic CHIKWANGWANI: silicate CHIKWANGWANI, CHIKWANGWANI zitsulo ndiye m'gulu ili,

3. Kumveka bwino kwa nsalu wamba

Zotsatirazi ndizo ubwino ndi zovuta zazikulu za nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi njira zozindikiritsira.

(1) Thonje:

① mbali zazikulu:

a. Kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa chinyezi.

b. Nsalu ya thonje ndi yosakhazikika ku ma inorganic acid.

c. Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ku dzuwa ndi mlengalenga, nsalu ya thonje imatha kusewera pang'onopang'ono makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa kwambiri.

d. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhungu ndi nsalu zina za thonje.

② ubwino waukulu:

A, pamwamba pa nsaluyo amakhala ndi kuwala kofewa komanso kumva kofewa.

f. Kutentha kwapamwamba, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsulo zotentha kwambiri.

⑥ Zigawo zazikulu zosakanikirana:

a. Scoy thonje: nsalu pamwamba kuwala ndi yofewa ndi yowala, mtundu wowala, yosalala ndi yosalala, zofewa kumva, osauka elasticity. Pambuyo kukanikiza nsalu ndi dzanja, chowoneka bwino chikhoza kuwoneka, ndipo crease sikophweka kutha.

B, thonje la poliyesitala: kuwalako ndi kowala kuposa nsalu ya thonje yoyera, pamwamba pa nsalu yosalala, yoyera yopanda mutu kapena zonyansa. Imvani mofewa komanso mofewa kuposa nsalu ya thonje. Pambuyo kukanikiza nsalu, crease si zoonekeratu, ndi zosavuta kubwezeretsa chikhalidwe choyambirira.