Tanthauzo la nsalu zosawononga chilengedwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimachitikanso chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tanthauzo la nsalu. Nsalu zosawononga chilengedwe zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi zopanda mpweya wambiri komanso zosunga mphamvu, zopanda zinthu zovulaza zachilengedwe, zoteteza chilengedwe komanso zobwezerezedwanso.Nsalu zosawononga chilengedweZingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: nsalu zosamalira chilengedwe ndi nsalu zosamalira chilengedwe m'mafakitale.
Nsalu zoteteza chilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi nsalu za RPET, thonje lachilengedwe, thonje lamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ulusi wa nsungwi, ulusi wa mapuloteni a soya, ulusi wa hemp, Modal, ubweya wachilengedwe, tencel yamatabwa ndi nsalu zina.
Nsalu zoteteza chilengedwe m'mafakitale zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chitsulo monga PVC, ulusi wa polyester, ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zachitsulo, zomwe zingathandize kuteteza chilengedwe, kusunga mphamvu ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothandiza.
Nsalu zodziwika bwino zachilengedwe zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi nsalu zoteteza chilengedwe, ina ndi nsalu zoteteza chilengedwe zamafakitale, kenako yotsatira imodzi ndi imodzi kuti ibweretse nsalu ziwirizi zoteteza chilengedwe.
1. Nsalu yosamalira chilengedwe
Nsalu ya poliyesitala yobwezerezedwanso
Nsalu ya RPET ndi mtundu watsopano wa nsalu ya PET yobwezeretsedwanso, dzina lake lonse ndi Nsalu ya PET yobwezeretsedwanso (nsalu ya polyester yobwezeretsedwanso), zinthu zopangira zimapangidwanso ulusi wa PET kuchokera mu botolo pambuyo poyang'ana bwino - kudula - kujambula, kuziziritsa ndi kusonkhanitsa silika wopangidwa ndi ulusi wa RPET, womwe umadziwika kuti nsalu yoteteza chilengedwe ya mabotolo a Coke. Nsaluyi ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kuti isunge mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, ndipo paundi iliyonse ya nsalu ya RPET yobwezeretsedwanso imatha kusunga mphamvu ya 61,000 BTU, yofanana ndi mapaundi 21 a carbon dioxide. Pambuyo popaka utoto, kuphimba ndi kupukuta, nsaluyo imathanso kupambana mayeso a MTL, SGS, ITS ndi miyezo ina yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza phthalates (6P), formaldehyde, lead (Pb), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nonyphene ndi zizindikiro zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yaposachedwa ya chilengedwe ku Europe komanso miyezo yaposachedwa yachilengedwe ku America.
Thonje lachilengedwe
Thonje lachilengedweNdi mu ulimi, kutengera feteleza wachilengedwe, kulamulira tizilombo ndi matenda mwachilengedwe, kasamalidwe ka ulimi wachilengedwe, osaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kuyambira mbewu mpaka zinthu zaulimi kupanga thonje lachilengedwe komanso lopanda kuipitsa. Ndipo motsatira "Miyezo Yabwino Yotetezera Zinthu Zaulimi" yoperekedwa ndi mayiko kapena WTO/FAO ngati muyeso, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa komanso zovulaza monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zitsulo zolemera, nitrates, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi zina zotero) mu thonje kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa malire omwe afotokozedwa mu muyezo, ndi thonje lovomerezeka la zinthu.
Thonje lamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Thonje lamitundu yosiyanasiyanandi mtundu watsopano wa thonje wokhala ndi mtundu wachilengedwe. Thonje wokhala ndi mtundu wachilengedwe ndi mtundu watsopano wa nsalu zopangira utoto wokhala ndi mtundu wachilengedwe pamene thonje limapukutidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono wa bioengineering. Poyerekeza ndi thonje wamba, uli ndi makhalidwe ofewa, opumira, otanuka komanso omasuka kuvala, kotero umadziwikanso kuti ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa thonje lachilengedwe. Padziko lonse lapansi, umatchedwa zero poipitsa (Zeropollution). Chifukwa thonje lachilengedwe limafunika kusunga makhalidwe ake achilengedwe pokula ndi kuluka, silingapakidwe utoto ndi utoto wa mankhwala omwe alipo. Utoto wachilengedwe wamasamba wokha ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto wachilengedwe. Thonje lachilengedwe lopakidwa utoto wachilengedwe lili ndi mitundu yambiri ndipo limatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zambiri. Akatswiri amalosera kuti bulauni ndi wobiriwira zidzakhala mitundu yotchuka ya zovala kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Limayimira zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, zosangalatsa, mafashoni. Mtundu wa zovala za thonje kuwonjezera pa bulauni, wobiriwira, pang'onopang'ono ukukula buluu, wofiirira, imvi wofiira, bulauni ndi mitundu ina ya zovala.
Ulusi wa nsungwi
Ulusi wa nsungwi umasankhidwa ngati zinthu zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa nsungwi kupanga ulusi wofunikira, chinthu chobiriwira, chokhala ndi zinthu zopangira zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje kupanga nsalu ndi zovala zolukidwa, zokhala ndi kalembedwe kosiyana ndi thonje, ulusi wa cellulose wa matabwa: Kukana kuvala, kusapaka mafuta, kuyamwa chinyezi kwambiri, kuumitsa mwachangu, kulola kulowa kwa madzi ambiri, kuoneka bwino, kusalala komanso kokhuthala, monga silika wofewa, wotsutsa nkhungu, wotsutsa njenjete ndi wotsutsa mabakiteriya, kuvala kozizira komanso komasuka komanso kokongola komanso kosamalira khungu. Kupaka utoto kwabwino kwambiri, kuwala kowala, komanso kumakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yachilengedwe yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, kutsata zomwe anthu amakono akufuna kuti akhale ndi thanzi komanso chitonthozo.
Zachidziwikire, nsalu ya ulusi wa nsungwi ilinso ndi zofooka zina, nsalu iyi ya chomera ndi yofewa kwambiri kuposa nsalu zina wamba, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwake kumakhala kovuta kuwongolera. Pofuna kuthana ndi zolakwika izi, ulusi wa nsungwi nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi ulusi wamba. Kusakaniza ulusi wa nsungwi ndi mitundu ina ya ulusi muyeso winawake sikungowonetsa momwe ulusi wina umagwirira ntchito komanso kumapereka mawonekedwe a ulusi wa nsungwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsalu zolukidwa zikhale zatsopano. Ulusi wosalala, wosakanikirana (wokhala ndi tencel, modal, sweat polyester, negative oxygen ion polyester, corn fiber, thonje, acrylic fiber ndi ulusi wina wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakaniza), ndiye chisankho choyamba cha nsalu zolukidwa, mwanjira, zotsatira za nsalu ya nsungwi ya masika ndi chilimwe zimakhala bwino.
2. Zipangizo zotetezera zachilengedwe zamakampani
Kawirikawiri imachokera ku nsalu zoteteza ku dzuwa zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe. Njira yomwe ili pamsika imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: limodzi ndi ulusi wophimbidwa ndi PVC; lachiwiri ndi kulowetsedwa kwa ulusi mu PVC. Nsalu za polyester zambiri mdziko muno zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu njira yophikira (monga: nsalu ya dzuwa ya ku United States PANGEAE). M'maiko akunja, nsalu zagalasi za ulusi zimalowetsedwa kwambiri (monga: nsalu ya dzuwa ya ku Spain CITEL).
1, nsalu yotchingira moto: mthunzi wake ndi 85%-99%, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumayambira pa 1%-15%, ndipo umagwira ntchito yotchingira moto, nthawi zambiri umakhala wotchingira moto nthawi zonse.
2, nsalu yophimba dzuŵa: kudzera mu makina apadera ophimba, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe kake, kalembedwe kake kamakhala kolemera kwambiri
3, nsalu ya jacquard yophimba dzuwa: kudzera mu njira yapadera ya jacquard, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe
4, nsalu yophimba dzuwa yokhala ndi chitsulo: nsaluyo imapakidwa utoto, kutsogolo kwake ndi nsalu yowala, kumbuyo kwake kuli ndi chitsulo, kuphatikizapo siliva, aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero, imatha kupangitsa kuti mpweya ulowe bwino komanso kuwala kukhale kowala. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi mfundo yowunikira kuwala kwa ultraviolet, mthunzi wa dzuwa ndi wabwino kuposa nsalu ya dzuwa yomwe imapakidwa ndi pinhole.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-28-2024
