1. Polyester
Tanthauzirani: Dzina la mankhwala la ulusi wa polyester. M'zaka zaposachedwa, muzovala, zokongoletsa, ntchito zamafakitale ndi zazikulu kwambiri, polyester chifukwa cha kupezeka mosavuta kwa zipangizo zopangira, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kotero chitukuko chachangu, ndi ulusi wopangidwa womwe ukukula mwachangu, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi waukulu kwambiri wa mankhwala, wakhala ulusi woyamba wa mankhwala. Mu mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, kutsanzira ubweya, nsalu,silikandi ulusi wina wachilengedwe, zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni; Ulusi wa polyester nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati silika wochepa kuti apange nsalu zosiyanasiyana, ulusi wofunikira ndi thonje, ubweya, hemp, ndi zina zotero, zimatha kusakanizidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga nsalu zokhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala, zokongoletsera ndi madera osiyanasiyana.
Kagwiridwe kake: Nsalu ya polyester ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthekera kobwezeretsa zotanuka. Chifukwa chake, imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, siimatha kukwinya, ndipo imasunga mawonekedwe ake bwino. Kunyowa kwa chinyezi cha nsalu ya polyester ndi kofooka, imavala ngati yodzaza, imakhala yosavuta kunyamula magetsi osasunthika ndi fumbi, yosavuta kuuma mutatsuka, siimasintha, imatha kutsukidwa bwino. Kukana kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa nsalu za polyester ndi zabwino kwambiri pa nsalu zopangidwa, zokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, zimatha kupanga masiketi okhala ndi ma pleats, ma pleats okhalitsa. Kukana kusungunuka kwa nsalu ya polyester ndi kofooka, ndipo ndikosavuta kupanga mabowo mukakumana ndi soot, Mars, ndi zina zotero. Nsalu ya polyester imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, siopa nkhungu ndi njenjete.
2. Nayiloni
Dzina la mankhwala la polyamide fiber, lomwe limadziwika kuti "nayiloni", ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi popanga ulusi wopangira, chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino, chuma chake cholemera, chakhala chikupanga ulusi wopangira mitundu yapamwamba, kukana kuvala kwa nsalu ya nayiloni kumakhala pamwamba pa mitundu yonse ya ulusi.nsalu, ulusi wa nayiloni umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga silika wolimba, popanga masokosi, zovala zamkati, sweatshirt ndi zina zotero. Ulusi waufupi wa nayiloni umasakanizidwa makamaka ndi viscose, thonje, ubweya ndi ulusi wina wopangidwa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsalu, komanso ungapange chingwe cha matayala, parachuti, maukonde osodza, zingwe, malamba onyamulira ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri pakuwonongeka.
Kuchita bwino: Kukana kuvala kuli pakati pa mitundu yonse ya ulusi wachilengedwe ndi ulusi wa mankhwala, ndipo kulimba kwake ndi kwabwino kwambiri. Nsalu zonse ziwiri za nayiloni zoyera komanso zosakanikirana zimakhala ndi kulimba bwino. Kapangidwe kake ka hygroscopic ndi kabwino kwambiri mu nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi, ndipo kamvekedwe ka kuvala ndi kofewa kuposa nsalu ya polyester. Ndi nsalu yopepuka, kuwonjezera pa polypropylene mu nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi, nsalu ya nayiloni ndi yopepuka. Chifukwa chake, yoyenera zovala zokwera mapiri, ma jekete otsika ndi zina zotero. Kutanuka ndi kulimba kwake ndi kwabwino, koma n'kosavuta kupotoka chifukwa cha mphamvu zakunja, kotero nsaluyo ndi yosavuta kukwinya ikavala. Kukana kutentha ndi kukana kuwala ndizochepa, povala muyenera kusamala ndi kutsuka ndi kukonza.
3. Ulusi wa akriliki
Dzina la mankhwala: ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile, womwe umadziwikanso kuti Orlon, cashmere, ndi zina zotero, ndi wofewa komanso wofewa ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi ubweya, womwe umatchedwa "ubweya wopangidwa", ulusi wa acrylic umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popota kapena kusakaniza ndi ubweya ndi ulusi wina wa ubweya, ungapangidwenso kukhala ulusi wopepuka komanso wofewa woluka, ulusi wokhuthala wa acrylic ukhozanso kuluka mu bulangeti kapena ubweya wopangira.
Kagwiridwe kake: Nsalu ya ulusi wa acrylic imatchedwa "ubweya wopangidwa", womwe uli ndi kusinthasintha kofanana ndi ubweya wachilengedwe, ndipo nsalu yake imasunga kutentha bwino. Ili ndi kukana kutentha bwino, ili pamalo achiwiri mu ulusi wopangidwa, ndipo imakana ma acid, ma oxidants ndi zosungunulira zachilengedwe. Nsalu ya ulusi wa acrylic ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino opaka utoto komanso mtundu wowala. Nsalu ndi nsalu yopepuka mu nsalu yopangidwa, yachiwiri pambuyo pa polypropylene, kotero ndi nsalu yopepuka bwino. Kunyowa kwa chinyezi mu nsalu ndi kofooka, kosavuta kunyamula fumbi ndi dothi lina, kumakhala ndi kumverera kofooka, komanso kopanda chitonthozo. Kukana kwa nsalu ndi kofooka, ndipo kukana kwa ulusi wa mankhwala ndi koipa kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsalu za acrylic, nsalu zoyera za acrylic, nsalu zosakanikirana ndi zoluka za acrylic.
4. Viren
Dzina la mankhwala: polyvinyl alcohol fiber, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Vinylon, ndi zina zotero, Vinylon yoyera yowala, yofewa ngati thonje, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa thonje lachilengedwe, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti "thonje lopangidwa". Vinylon imachokera makamaka ku ulusi waufupi, womwe nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje, chifukwa cha zofooka za ulusi, magwiridwe antchito osagwira ntchito bwino, mtengo wotsika, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zogwirira ntchito kapena nsalu zina wamba.
Magwiridwe antchito: Vinylon imadziwika kuti thonje lopangidwa, koma chifukwa cha utoto wake ndi mawonekedwe ake siabwino, mpaka pano imangokhala nsalu yamkati yosakanikirana ndi thonje. Mitundu yake ndi yosangalatsa, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana si yambiri. Kunyowa kwa chinyezi kwa nsalu ya Vinylon kuli bwino mu nsalu yopangidwa ndi ulusi, ndipo ndi yachangu, yolimba bwino pakutha, yopepuka komanso yabwino. Kutha kutayira ndi kutentha ndi koipa, mtundu wa nsalu ndi woipa, kukana makwinya ndi koipa, kutha kutayira kwa nsalu ya Vinylon ndi koipa, ndipo ndi nsalu yotsika mtengo. Kukana dzimbiri, kukana asidi ndi alkali, mtengo wotsika, kotero nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovala zogwirira ntchito ndi nsalu.
5. Polypropylene
Dzina la mankhwala: polypropylene fiber, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti paron, ndi mtundu wa ulusi wopepuka kwambiri, ndi wa nsalu imodzi yopepuka. Ili ndi ubwino wa njira yosavuta yopangira, mtengo wotsika, mphamvu zambiri, kupepuka pang'ono, ndi zina zotero. Ikhoza kupota bwino kapena kusakanikirana ndi ubweya, thonje, viscose, ndi zina zotero, kuti ipange zovala zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa zovala zosiyanasiyana, monga masokosi osokedwa, magolovesi, zovala zoluka, mathalauza osokedwa, nsalu yotsukira mbale, nsalu ya ukonde wa udzudzu, malaya ofunda, zinthu zofunda ndi zina zotero.
Kagwiridwe kake: Kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa, komwe kumachokera ku nsalu imodzi yopepuka. Kunyowa kwa chinyezi ndi kochepa kwambiri, kotero zovala zake zimadziwika ndi ubwino wouma mwachangu, kuzizira kwambiri, komanso kusachepa. Chifukwa cha kukana kuvala bwino komanso mphamvu zambiri, zovalazo zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba. Zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, koma sizimalimbana ndi kuwala, kutentha, komanso zimakalamba mosavuta. Chitonthozo chake sichabwino, ndipo utoto wake ndi wochepa.
6. Spandex
Dzina la mankhwala: ulusi wa polyurethane, womwe umadziwika kuti ulusi wosalala, dzina lodziwika bwino la malonda ndi kupanga kwa United States DuPont kwa "Lycra" (Lycra), ndi mtundu wa ulusi wamphamvu wa mankhwala osalala, womwe wakhala ukupangidwa m'mafakitale, ndipo wakhala ulusi wosalala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ulusi wa Spandex nthawi zambiri sugwiritsidwa ntchito wokha, koma umaphatikizidwa mu nsalu pang'ono, makamaka popangira nsalu zosalala. Kawirikawiri, ulusi wa spandex ndi ulusi wina wa ulusi amapangidwa kukhala ulusi wopota pakati kapena wopotoka atatha kugwiritsa ntchito, zovala zamkati za ulusi wa spandex core-spun, zovala zosambira, mafashoni, ndi zina zotero, ndizodziwika kwambiri kwa ogula, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu masokosi, magolovesi, mikanda ya khosi ndi zipewa za zovala zolukidwa, zovala zamasewera, mathalauza a ski ndi ziwalo zolimba za suti yamlengalenga.
Magwiridwe antchito: Kutanuka kwa Spandex ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kutakasuka kwabwino kwambiri, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti "ulusi wotanuka", komwe kumakhala komasuka kuvala, koyenera kwambiri popanga mathalauza olimba, osamva kupanikizika, mawonekedwe a nsalu ya spandex, kuyamwa chinyezi, kulola mpweya kulowa bwino kuli pafupi ndi thonje, ubweya, silika, hemp ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zofanana ndi ulusi. Nsalu ya Spandex imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zovala zolimba, zovala zamasewera, jockstrap ndi zofunda. Kukana asidi bwino, kukana alkali, kukana kuvala. Kutengera nsalu zomwe zili ndi spandex, makamaka polyester ya thonje, kusakaniza kwa spandex, spandex nthawi zambiri siipitirira 2%, kutakasuka kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa spandex mu nsalu, kuchuluka kwa spandex komwe kuli mu nsalu yonse, kutakasuka kwa nsalu kumakhala bwino, kutakasuka kumakhala kwakukulu. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a nsalu ya spandex ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri otambasuka komanso kuthekera kobwezeretsa elastic, yokhala ndi chitonthozo chabwino chamasewera, komanso mawonekedwe onse awiri ovalidwa a ulusi wogwiritsa ntchito kunja.
6. PVC
Tanthauzirani: Dzina la mankhwala polyvinyl chloride fiber, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti day meylon. Ma poncho ambiri apulasitiki ndi nsapato zapulasitiki zomwe timakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku ndi za zinthuzi. Ntchito zazikulu ndi magwiridwe antchito: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zovala zamkati zolukidwa, ubweya, mabulangeti, zinthu za wadding, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga nsalu zosefera zamafakitale, zovala zogwirira ntchito, nsalu zotetezera kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-23-2024
