Njira yopaka utoto ndi kumaliza (1)

Kusankhidwa kwa utoto ndi kumaliza kumangotengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mafotokozedwe ndi zofunikira zomaliza za nsalu, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'machiritso asanachitike,dyeing, kusindikiza, pambuyo pomaliza ndi zina zotero.

Chithandizo chisanachitike

Ulusi wachilengedwe uli ndi zonyansa, muzitsulo zopangira nsalu ndikuwonjezera slurry, mafuta ndi dothi loipitsidwa, kukhalapo kwa zonyansazi, sikungolepheretsa kuyenda bwino kwa utoto ndi kutsiriza kukonza, komanso kumakhudza kuvala kwa nsalu.

Cholinga cha mankhwala chisanadze ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi thupi makina zochita kuchotsa zosafunika pa nsalu, kupanga nsalu yoyera, ofewa, ndi permeability wabwino kukwaniritsa zofunika kutenga, ndi kupereka oyenerera theka-mankhwala kuti utoto, kusindikiza ndi kumaliza.

Thonje: Kukonzekera kwa nsalu yaiwisi, kuyimba, desizing, kuwira, bleaching, mercerizing. Polyester: kukonza nsalu, kuyengedwa (zamadzimadzi zamchere, etc.), preshrinking, reservation, alkali deweighting (zamadzimadzi zamchere, etc.).

Kuyimba

Kawirikawiri, mutalowa m'fakitale yosindikizira ndi yodaya kuchokera ku mphero ya nsalu, nsalu yotuwa iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kaye, kutembenuzidwa, kugwedeza, kusindikiza ndi kusoka, ndiyeno kuyimba.

Zifukwa:

(1) pansalu yosatsika kwambiri, kutalika kosiyana;

(2) mlingo wa mapeto ndi osauka, mosavuta kuipitsidwa;

(3) mu ndondomeko zhongyi ubweya utoto ndi kumaliza, kusindikiza ndi utoto zolakwika.

Cholinga choyimba:

(1) kusintha kuwala kwa nsalu; Kupititsa patsogolo;

(2) kusintha pilling kukana (makamaka mankhwala CHIKWANGWANI nsalu);

(3) kusintha kalembedwe, kuimba kungapangitse nsalu kukhala khirisipi, anali fupa.

Kusintha

Akamaluka, mikwingwirimayo imakhala ndi mikangano komanso kukangana kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuthyoka. Kuti muchepetse kuthyoka kwa Warp, kuwongolera luso loluka komanso mtundu wansalu yotuwa, ndikofunikira kukulitsa ulusi wa Warp musanawombe. Ulusi wa ulusiwo umamatirana ndi kugwirana pamodzi, ndipo umapanga filimu yolimba yotayirira pamwamba pa ulusi, kupangitsa ulusiwo kukhala wolimba komanso wosalala, motero kumapangitsa kuti ulusiwo ukhale wolimba komanso wosamva bwino.

Cholinga: Akamaliza kukula, slurry amalowera mu ulusi ndikumangirira pamwamba pa ulusi. Ngakhale kukhathamiritsa kwa ulusi, slurry imaipitsa utoto ndi kumaliza madzimadzi opangira, imalepheretsa kuyanjana kwamankhwala pakati pa ulusi ndi utoto ndi zinthu zama mankhwala, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita utoto ndi kumaliza kukonza.

(1) Mawu oyamba a slurry omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Natural slurry: wowuma, chingamu cha m'nyanja, chingamu, etc.

Wowuma katundu:

① pamene asidi kuwola;

② pakakhala kukhazikika kwa alkali, kutupa;

③ pankhani ya okosijeni akhoza kuwola;

④ ndi kuwonongeka kwa puloteni ya wowuma.

Chemical slurry: zotumphukira zama cellulose monga hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl mowa (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, etc.

PVA katundu:

① khola kwa asidi ndi maziko, mamasukidwe akayendedwe samachepetsa;

② Imawonongeka ndi okosijeni;

③ Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, kuyanjana kwabwino, palibe kusakanikirana

(2) Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri

1. Kuchuluka kwa zamchere

Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opaka utoto m'nyumba, koma mtengo wa desizing siwokwera, ndipo zonyansa zina zimatha kuchotsedwa pamene desizing.

Limagwirira: Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide kuchepetsa njira mankhwala, wowuma slurry pansi pa zochita za alkali kutupa (kapena kutupa) chodabwitsa, sizichitika mankhwala anachita, kuti slurry kuchokera gel osakaniza kuti sol, kuchepetsa kumanga mphamvu pakati pa CHIKWANGWANI ndi slurry, ndiyeno ntchito kutsuka ndi makina mphamvu kuchotsa. Kwa PVA ndi polyacrylate slurries, imatha kusungunula sodium hydroxide mu njira zochepetsera.

(wowuma) kupanga ma enzyme

Ma enzymes amatchedwanso ma enzymes, biocatalysts.

Mawonekedwe: kuchuluka kwa desizing, osati kuvulala kwa fiber, kokha kwa wowuma, sikungathe kuchotsa zonyansa.

Zofunika: a. Kuchita bwino kwambiri. b. Kudziwikiratu: Enzyme imatha kuyambitsa kachitidwe kamodzi kapenanso kachitidwe kake. c. Ntchitoyi imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi mtengo wa PH.

Kwa wowuma slurries kapena wowuma wosakanizidwa slurries (wowuma wowuma ndiye wamkulu), amylase angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga desizing.

Kuchuluka kwa acid

Ntchito zapakhomo sizili zambiri, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta kuwononga CHIKWANGWANI, kuphatikiza ndi njira zina. Njira ziwiri zimatengedwa: alkali desizing - acid desizing. Kuchotsa asidi kungapangitse wowuma kukhala hydrolyze, kuchotsa mchere wamchere ndi zina zotero, ndi kupangana wina ndi mzake.

Kuchuluka kwa oxidation

Oxidizing wothandizira: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, etc.

Mfundo: The oxidizing wothandizira akhoza oxidize ndi kuwononga mitundu yonse ya slurry, kulemera kwake kwa maselo ndi kukhuthala kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kusungunuka kwa madzi kumawonjezeka, ndipo slurry imaletsedwa kuti isagwirizane ndi ulusi, ndiyeno hydrolyzate imachotsedwa ndi kutsuka bwino.

(1) Kuwira

Cholinga cha kuwira ndikuchotsa zinyalala za ulusi ndikuwongolera momwe nsalu imapangidwira, makamaka kunyowa.

Zodetsedwa Zachilengedwe: Pansalu za thonje zenizeni, makamaka zamoyo zokhala ndi ulusi kapena zinthu zina, kuphatikiza sera yamafuta, pectin, mapuloteni, phulusa, pigment ndi zipolopolo za thonje.

Zonyansa zopanga: zonyansa monga mafuta, antistatic agent ndi mafuta, dzimbiri ndi slurry wotsalira zomwe zimawonjezedwa pakupota ndi kuluka.

Zonyansazi zimakhudza kwambiri kunyowa kwa nsalu ndikulepheretsa utoto ndi kumaliza kwa nsalu, ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mumayendedwe opaka ndi sodium hydroxide monga chachikulu ndi surfactants monga chothandizira.

(2) Kuthira mafuta

Pambuyo otentha, ambiri mwa chilengedwe ndi yokumba zosafunika pansaluamachotsedwa, koma kwa nsalu zofiira ndi zowala, bleaching imafunikanso. Ndiko kuchotsa pigment, kusintha whiteness monga cholinga chachikulu cha blekning processing.

Chemical CHIKWANGWANI mulibe pigment, pambuyo otentha wakhala woyera kwambiri, ndipo thonje ulusi pambuyo scouring pigment akadalipo, woyera ndi osauka, kotero bleaching makamaka kwa zosafunika zachilengedwe pa thonje ulusi.

(3) Bvulirani

Makutidwe ndi okosijeni mtundu: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide ndi sodium kolorayidi, etc., makamaka ntchito thonje CHIKWANGWANI ndi blended nsalu.

Anachepetsa: NaHSO3 ndi inshuwalansi ufa, etc., makamaka ntchito mapuloteni CHIKWANGWANI nsalu.

(4) Bleaching ya sodium hypochlorite:

Sodium hypochlorite bleaching nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu za thonje komanso nsalu zophatikizika za thonje, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyenga nsalu za thonje za polyester. Komabe, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa ulusi wa mapuloteni monga silika ndi ubweya, chifukwa sodium hypochlorite imawononga ulusi wa mapuloteni, ndipo imapangitsa kuti ulusi ukhale wachikasu ndi kuwonongeka. Mu ndondomeko ya blekning, kuphatikizapo kuwononga ma pigment achilengedwe, ulusi wa thonje wokhawokha ukhoza kuonongeka, choncho, m'pofunika kuyang'anira ndondomeko ya blekning, kuti maonekedwe ndi khalidwe lamkati likhale loyenerera.

Sodium hypochlorite n'zosavuta kupanga, otsika mtengo, sodium hypochlorite kubudula ntchito yabwino, zida zosavuta, koma chifukwa sodium hypochlorite bleaching ndi zoipa kuteteza chilengedwe, kotero pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi hydrogen peroxide.

(5) Kuyeretsa kwa haidrojeni peroxide H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti hydrogen peroxide, imakhala ndi mamolekyu a H2O2. Kuyeretsa kwa hydrogen peroxide kumatchedwa kuti oxygen bleaching. Kukhazikika kwa yankho la hydrogen peroxide ndikotsika kwambiri pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere. Zotsatira zake, hydrogen peroxide yamalonda imakhala yofooka acidic.

Nsalu yothiriridwa ndi hydrogen peroxide imakhala yoyera bwino, yoyera, ndipo imakhala yachikasu ikasungidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka nsalu za thonje. Bleaching ya okosijeni imakhala yosinthika kwambiri kuposa kuthirira kwa chlorine, koma hydrogen peroxide ndi yokwera kuposa mtengo wa sodium hypochlorite, ndipo kuthilira kwa okosijeni kumafuna zida zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kokulirapo, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa kuthirira kwa chlorine.

Pakali pano, njira yotsegula m’mbali mwa nthunzi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’mafakitale osindikizira ndi opaka utoto. Njirayi imakhala ndi kupitilizabe, zodziwikiratu komanso zopanga, zosavuta kuyenda komanso sizimatulutsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

5. Mercerized (nsalu ya thonje)

Zovala pansi pazovuta zina, mothandizidwa ndi koloko yokhazikika, ndikukhalabe ndi kukula kofunikira, zimatha kupeza kuwala kwa silky, njirayi imatchedwa mercerization.

(1) Cholinga cha mercerization:

A. Kupititsa patsogolo gloss ndi kumverera kwa nsalu, chifukwa cha kutupa kwa fiber, dongosolo la fiber limakhala ladongosolo, ndipo kuwonetsera kwa kuwala kumakhala kokhazikika, motero kumapangitsa gloss.
B. Kuonjezera mlingo wa utoto utoto pambuyo mercerizing kutsirizitsa, CHIKWANGWANI zone amachepetsa, amorphous dera kuwonjezeka, ndi utoto amatha kulowa ulusi, mtundu mlingo kuposa mercerized thonje CHIKWANGWANI chawonjezeka ndi 20%, ndi nzeru bwino, pa nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera akufa kutsogolo chophimba mphamvu.
C. Kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a mercerizing amaliza kupanga mapangidwe, amatha kuthetsa makwinya a chingwe, ochulukirapo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupaka utoto ndi kusindikiza zinthu za theka ndi theka. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti pambuyo pa mercerizing, kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa nsalu kumapangidwira bwino kwambiri, motero kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchepa kwa nsalu.

6. Kuyenga, kucheperachepera (chinsalu chamankhwala)

Cholinga cha kuyenga chisanadze kutsika makamaka kuchotsa mafuta, slurry ndi dothi adsorbated pa nsalu ( CHIKWANGWANI) pa kuluka yosungirako ndi zoyendera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ena oligomers pa CHIKWANGWANI nawonso kusungunuka kutentha mkulu kuyenga. Nsalu ya imvi iyenera kuchepetsedwa isanakwane kuchuluka kwa alkali, ndipo zowonjezera monga olein ndi caustic soda ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa makamaka. Prepreatment wa mankhwala CHIKWANGWANI nsalu ikuchitika kutentha kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwambiri dyeing makina.

7. Alkali kuchepetsa (mankhwala CHIKWANGWANI nsalu)

(1) Mfundo ndi zotsatira za kuchepetsa alkali

Chithandizo chochepetsera alkali ndi njira yochizira nsalu ya polyester kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyika sopo. Polyester CHIKWANGWANI ndi hydrolyzed ndi wosweka ndi Ester chomangira cha poliyesitala maselo unyolo pamwamba pa CHIKWANGWANI mu sodium hydroxide amadzimadzi njira, ndi mankhwala hydrolysis ndi madigiri osiyana polymerization mosalekeza anapanga, ndipo potsiriza madzi sungunuka sodium terephthalate ndi ethylene glycol anapanga. Zida zochepetsera alkali zimaphatikizapo makina odaya osefukira, makina ochepetsera mosalekeza, makina ochepetsera apakatikati amitundu itatu, kupatula makina odaya osefukira; Makina ochepetsera mosalekeza komanso apakatikati amatha kukonzanso sopo yotsalayo. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nsalu ya imvi pazinthu zina zochepetsera alkali, m'pofunika kuwonjezera ndondomeko yokonzedweratu, ndiyeno lowetsani ndondomeko yopaka utoto.