Kulowetsa ndi kumaliza njira (1)

Kusankhidwa kwa kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kumaliza kumakhazikitsidwa makamaka pazosiyanasiyana, zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimamaliza zofunikira za nsalu, zomwe zitha kugawidwa,udanig, kusindikiza, kusindikizira ndi zina zotero.

Chisanachitike

Kulusa kwachilengedwe kumakhala ndi zodetsa, pokonza nkhaniyo ndikuwonjezera utoto, mafuta onyansa, osalepheretsa kusala kudya ndi kumaliza kuvala kapangidwe ka nsalu.

Cholinga chothandizira chithandizo ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina opanga mankhwala ndikuchotsa zodetsa pa nsalu, ndikupanga zoyera, zofewa, ndikupereka zopangidwa bwino kuti zikwaniritse zofuna kutenga utoto, kusindikiza ndi kumaliza.

Thonje: Kukonza nsalu yakhwi, kumangoyimba, kusandukira, kuwira, kusungunuka, kukwiya. Polyester: Kukonzekera nsalu, zoyengeka (madzi alkali, etc.), kungokhala ndi ma seti, alkali adauluka (madzi alkali, etc.).

Kuyimba

Nthawi zambiri, atalowa makina osindikizira ndi kukonza mafakitale ochokera ku mphero, nsalu ya imvi amayenera kuyesedwa koyamba, kutembenuka, kumenyedwa, ndikusoka, kenako nkusoka.

Zifukwa:

(1) Pa nsalu yomwe siyikuyenda kwambiri, kutalika kosiyanasiyana;

(2) Mlingo wa kumaliza ndi wosauka, kuipitsidwa kosavuta;

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Cholinga Chonda:

(1) kukonza nsalu zokhuta; Sinthani kumaliza;

(2) Sinthani piritsi kukana (makamaka nsalu ya fiber);

(3) Sinthani mawonekedwe, zoimbira zimatha kupanga nsalu zimayamba kulira, zinali fupa.

Kusankha

Poluka, kulimba mtima kumayang'aniridwa ndi mavuto ambiri, omwe ndi osavuta kusiya. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuthyolako, sinthani bwino bwino komanso mtundu wa nsalu, ndikofunikira kukonzera ulusi wanthete musanakwere. CHIKWANGWANI chamitengo tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsitsa palimodzi, ndikupanga filimu yolimba kwambiri pamtunda, ndikupanga ulusi wolimba komanso wosalala, molunjika, motero kukonza mphamvu yakuswa ndikusokoneza ulusi.

Kusankha Cholinga: Pambuyo poyenda, ma slurry amalowa mu ulusi ndipo amagwera pansi pamtunda wa parp. Ngakhale kukonza magwiridwe antchito a ulusi, odulira akuipitsa utoto ndi kumaliza madzi amadzimadzi, kulepheretsa kulumikizana kwa mankhwala pakati pa ulusi ndi zida zamagetsi ndi zopangira mankhwala, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta.

(1) Kuyambitsa kwa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kusalala kwachilengedwe: wowuma, wam'madzi nsomba, chingamu, etc.

Chovuta chowoneka:

① Pankhani ya acid kuwola;

② Pankhani ya alkalini yokhazikika, kutupa;

③ Pankhani ya oxidants ikhoza kuwola;

④ Ndi starchi yawuma eyzyme kuwonongeka.

Mankhwala Otsekemera: Cellulose zochokera monga hydroxymethylcelulose (cmc), mowa wa polyvinyl, polyachylic, elyeter, etc.

Pva katundu:

① Chokhazikika kukhala acid ndi maziko, mafakisoni samachepetsa;

② Amakhala otayidwa ndi oxidant.;

③ Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, kuyerekezera bwino, osaphatikizana

(2) Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira

1. Kusankhira Alkaline

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi zomera zapakhomo, koma kusangalatsa sikokwezeka, ndipo zodetsa zina zitha kuchotsedwa pomwe mukusakaniza.

Njira: Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide kuchepetsa njira chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena kutupa kuchokera ku geberon (kapena kutulutsidwa) Kwa pva ndi ma polyacryte clurries, imatha kupasungunuka sodium hydroxide munjira zothetsera.

(Wowuma) Kusakaniza kwa Enzyme

Ma enzyme amatchedwanso michere, ma biocatalysts.

Mawonekedwe: Kusakaniza kwakukulu, osati chitsamba chovulaza, chokhacho chotupa chokha, sichitha kuchotsa zosafunikira.

Zida: a. Kuchita bwino. b. Kulongosola: enzyme imatha kugwirizira zomwe mwachita kapena zomwe zingachitike. c. Ntchitoyi imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi mtengo wa pH.

Kwa slurry slurries kapena sturry yosakanikirana (yowuma yowuma (yamtundu waukulu), Ambuse ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha.

Kusakaniza acidi

Ntchito zapakhomo sizochulukirapo, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta kuwononga fiber, kuphatikiza pamodzi ndi njira zina. Njira yotsatirayi imakhazikitsidwa: Alkalining - kusankha acid. Kusaka kwa acidi kumatha kupanga wowuma hydrolyze, chotsani mchere wamchere wotero, ndikupangana wina ndi mnzake ..

Kusankhira ma oxidation

Ocking wothandizira: Nabro2 (sodium bromite) h2o2, Na2s2o8, (NH4) 2So8, etc.

Mfundo Yothandizira: Wogulitsa oxidizi amatha kuwononga mitundu yonse yazosalala, kulemera kwake kwa ma virus ndi mafano kumachepetsedwa, ndipo ma hydrolyzate amachotsedwa ndi kutsuka bwino.

(1) Kuwiritsa

Cholinga chowira ndikuchotsa zodetsa ndi kukonza zinthu zomwe nsalu yopanga, makamaka kunyowa.

Zosayera zachilengedwe: nsalu zakondo zoyera, makamaka fiber kapena zolengedwa zophatikizika, kuphatikizapo sera yamafuta, pectin, procton, phula, utoto ndi zipolopolo.

Zopanda zolengedwa: Zosayipa monga mafuta, antistatic othandizira ndi mafuta, dzimbiri ndi zotsalira zotsalira zowonjezeredwa pozungulira ndikuyenda.

Zoyipa izi zimakhudza kwambiri kunyowa kwa nsaluyo ndikulepheretsa utoto ndikumaliza kwa nsaluyo, ndipo amayenera kuchotsedwa mu dongosolo lokhala ndi sodium hydroxide ngati othandiza.

(2) Kuchulukitsa

Pambuyo kuwira, ambiri mwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zodetsamalayaamachotsedwa, koma chifukwa cha nsalu zolukidwa ndi zopepuka, zotchingira zimafunikiranso. Ndiye kuti muchotse utoto, sinthani kuyera ngati cholinga chofuula.

Chomera cha mankhwala alibe utoto, utatha kuwira kwakhala choyera kwambiri, ndipo fibern ya thonje pambuyo poti utoto utakalipo, kuyera kwake ndi wosauka, kotero kuthilira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosayera kwachilengedwe pa thonje.

(3) bulichi

Mtundu wa oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide ndi sodium chlorite, etc., makamaka ngati nsalu zophatikizika.

Kuchepetsa: Nahsu3 ndi inshuwaransi, etc., makamaka yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapuloteni a protein.

(4) sodium hypochlorite buld:

Sodium hypochloriste yoyatsidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yopepuka thonje la thonje ndi nsalu za thonje, ndipo nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mitengo ya poyester. Komabe, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufooketsa mapuloteni ngati silika ndi ubweya, chifukwa sodium hypochlorite imakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga mapuloteni, ndikuwononga chikasu. M'mayendedwe owonjezera, kuwonjezera pa kuwonongedwa kwa utoto wachilengedwe, thonje lokhalokha lingakhalenso lowonongeka, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mikhalidwe yopepuka, kotero kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwo ndi mtundu wamkati ndi woyenera.

Sodium hypoclosite ndiosavuta kupanga, mtengo wotsika mtengo, sodium hypochlorite, koma chifukwa pang'onopang'ono, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe, motero amasinthidwa ndi hydrogen peroxide.

(5) hydrogen peroxide woyamwa H2o2:

Hydrogen peroxide, imadziwikanso kuti hydrogen peroxide, imakhala ndi njira ya ma molecular h2o2. Hydrogen Perroxide Kuyatsidwa kumatchedwa oxygen. Kukhazikika kwa haidrogen peroxide ndi osauka kwambiri pansi pa milkiline. Zotsatira zake, zamalonda za hydrogen peroxide ndi zofooka acidic.

Nsalu zophatikizidwa ndi hydrogen peroxide ili ndi kuyera kwabwino, utoto woyela, ndipo sikophweka kukoka mukasungidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati nsalu ya thonje. Kusungunuka kwa oxygen kuli ndi kusinthika kwambiri kuposa chotupa cha chlorine, koma hydrogen peroxide mtengo, ndipo mpweya wa oxroygen umafuna madzi osapanga dzimbiri, mtengo wake ndiwokwera kuposa chlorine.

Pakadali pano, njira yotseguka yotseguka yotseguka imagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza ndi kukonza mafakitale. Njirayi ili ndi malire kwambiri opitiliza, zochita zokha komanso luso lopanga, njira zosavuta zimatulutsa ndipo sizipanga kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

5. Ngongole (nsalu ya thonje)

Maudindo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, mothandizidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa couthra, ndikusungabe kukula kofunikira, amatha kupeza njira yovuta, njirayi imatchedwa kutengedwa.

(1) Cholinga cha Mercerization:

A.Pamuser pamtunda ndikumverera kwa nsalu, chifukwa chotupa cha fiber, makonzedwe a fiber ndi mwadongosolo, ndipo mawonekedwewo akuwunika nthawi zonse, motero amasintha.
B.Cnicchuus kuchuluka kwa utoto mutatha kumulakalaka kumaliza, chilengedwe chimachepa, ma amorphous chimakhala chophatikizika, ndipo kutopa kunatha, nthawi yomweyo kumakulitsa mphamvu yakutsogolo yakutsogolo.
C.Tya bwino kukhazikika kosasunthika amaliza kupanga makonzedwe, atha kuthetsa chingwe makwinya, ochulukirapo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za utoto ndi kusindikiza theka ndi theka. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti atafuna kutentherera, kukhazikika kwa kufooka kwa nsalu kwakhala kukuthandizani kwambiri, kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nsalu.

6. Kudzipatula, Pre-Dring (nsalu ya fiber)

Cholinga chofuna kukonzekera chisanachitike makamaka kuti chichotse mafuta, osalala ndi dothi loyesedwa pa nsalu (fiber) pakusungirako malo osungirako komanso kutenthetsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, oligomers ena omwe ali patemberedwe ambiri amayeretsa. Ndembo ya imvi iyenera kukhala yopanda pake kuchuluka kwa alkali, ndi zowonjezera monga olein ndi soustic soda ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa makamaka. Kudzipereka kwa nsalu yaphiri kumachitika kutentha kwambiri komanso makina othamanga kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa kwa 7. nsalu za fiber)

(1) Mfundo ndi Zothandiza za Alkali

Chithandizo cha alkali Dicction Chithandizo cha alkali ndi njira yochizira nsalu ya polyeter kutentha kwambiri ndikuwotcha Lyu. Phazi la polsteter ndi hydrolyzd ndikusweka ndi elster molster wa madinyo wa polyerter pamtunda wa sodium hydroxide mwamphamvu, ndipo pamapeto pake sodium yoyipitsitsa ya polyroble terefol ndi ethynee glycol. Zida zochepetsera malkali makamaka zimaphatikizapo makina osefukira, kumayendetsa makina opitiliza, kuchepetsetsa makina atatu, kupatula makina osefukira opaka; Makina osungunuka komanso osasunthika amatha kubwezeretsa yuni yotsalira. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nsalu ya imvi kwa zinthu zina zochepetsera za alkali, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera njira yokonzedweratu, kenako ndikulowa mu utoto.