Kusindikiza pazenera kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba ngati maziko a mbale, komanso kudzera mu njira yopangira mbale yowunikira kuwala, yopangidwa ndi zithunzi za chophimba. Kusindikiza pazenera kumakhala ndi zinthu zisanu, chophimba, chokokera, inki, tebulo losindikizira ndi substrate. Kusindikiza pazenera ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yopangira zaluso.
1. Kodi n'chiyanikusindikiza pazenera
Kusindikiza pazenera ndi njira yosamutsira kapangidwe ka stencil pamalo athyathyathya pogwiritsa ntchito chophimba, inki, ndi chokokera. Nsalu ndi pepala ndi malo ofala kwambiri osindikizira pazenera, koma pogwiritsa ntchito inki yapadera, n'zothekanso kusindikiza pamatabwa, chitsulo, pulasitiki komanso ngakhale galasi. Njira yoyambira imaphatikizapo kupanga nkhungu pa chophimba chabwino cha maukonde kenako ndikuyika ulusi wa inki (kapena utoto, pankhani ya zojambulajambula ndi ma posters) kudzera pamenepo kuti musindikize kapangidwe kake pamwamba pake.
Njira imeneyi nthawi zina imatchedwa "kusindikiza pazenera" kapena "kusindikiza pazenera," ndipo ngakhale kuti njira yeniyeni yosindikizira nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana kwambiri, momwe stencil imapangidwira imatha kusiyana, kutengera zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zosiyanasiyana za template zimaphatikizapo:
Ikani nyani kapena vinilu kuti iphimbe malo omwe mukufuna pa sikirini.
Gwiritsani ntchito "chotchingira chophimba" monga guluu kapena utoto kuti mujambule chikombolecho pa gridi.
Pangani stencil pogwiritsa ntchito emulsion yojambulira zithunzi, kenako pangani stencil mofanana ndi chithunzi (mutha kuphunzira zambiri za izi mu bukhu la sitepe ndi sitepe).
Mapangidwe opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosindikizira pazenera angagwiritse ntchito inki imodzi kapena zingapo zokha. Pazinthu zamitundu yambiri, mtundu uliwonse uyenera kuyikidwa mu gawo losiyana ndi chitsanzo chosiyana chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa inki iliyonse.
2. Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza pazenera
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe ukadaulo wosindikiza pazenera umagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri ndichakuti umapanga mitundu yowala ngakhale pa nsalu zakuda. Inki kapena utoto umapezekanso m'magawo angapo pamwamba pa nsalu kapena pepala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidutswa chosindikizidwacho chikhale chosangalatsa.
Ukadaulowu umakondedwanso chifukwa umalola osindikiza kuti akope mosavuta mapangidwe kangapo. Popeza kapangidwe kake kamatha kukopedwa mobwerezabwereza pogwiritsa ntchito chikombole chomwecho, ndikothandiza popanga makope angapo a chovala chimodzi kapena zowonjezera. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wosindikiza wodziwa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo, n'zothekanso kupanga mapangidwe ovuta amitundu. Ngakhale kuti zovuta za njirayi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu yomwe chosindikizira chingagwiritse ntchito ndi yochepa, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa zomwe zingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa digito kokha.
Kusindikiza pazenera ndi njira yotchuka pakati pa ojambula ndi opanga mapulogalamu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuthekera kopanga mitundu yowala komanso zithunzi zomveka bwino. Kupatula Andy Warhol, ojambula ena odziwika bwino chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza pazenera ndi Robert Rauschenberg, Ben Shahn, Eduardo Paolozzi, Richard Hamilton, RB Kitaj, Henri Matisse ndi Richard Estes.
3. Njira zosindikizira pazenera
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosindikizira pazenera, koma zonse zimaphatikizapo njira zoyambira zomwezo. Mtundu wosindikizira womwe tikambirane pansipa umagwiritsa ntchito emulsion yapadera yowunikira kuti ipange ma stencil apadera; Chifukwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma stencil ovuta, nthawi zambiri imakhala mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wosindikizira wamalonda.
Gawo 1: Kapangidwe kapangidwa
Choyamba, chosindikizira chimatenga kapangidwe komwe akufuna kupanga pa chinthu chomaliza, kenako chimasindikizidwa pa filimu yowonekera bwino ya acetic acid. Izi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu.
Gawo 2: Konzani chinsalu
Kenako, chosindikizira chimasankha chophimba cha maukonde kuti chigwirizane ndi kapangidwe kake komanso kapangidwe ka nsalu yosindikizidwa. Chophimbacho chimakutidwa ndi emulsion yotulutsa kuwala yomwe imalimba ikapangidwa ndi kuwala kowala.
Gawo 3: Valani mafuta odzola
Kenako pepala la acetate lokhala ndi kapangidwe kameneka limayikidwa pa sikirini yokutidwa ndi emulsion ndipo chinthu chonsecho chimaonekera ku kuwala kowala kwambiri. Kuwalako kumalimbitsa emulsion, kotero gawo la sikirini lomwe limaphimbidwa ndi kapangidwe kake limakhalabe lamadzimadzi.
Ngati kapangidwe komaliza kadzakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chophimba china chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika inki iliyonse. Kuti apange zinthu zamitundu yambiri, wosindikiza ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake popanga template iliyonse ndikuzigwirizanitsa bwino kuti atsimikizire kuti kapangidwe komaliza kali kosalala.
Gawo 4: Tsukani emulsion kuti mupange stencil
Mukayika chophimbacho kwa nthawi inayake, madera a chophimba omwe sanaphimbidwe ndi kapangidwe kake adzauma. Kenako tsukani mosamala mafuta onse osalimba. Izi zimasiya chizindikiro chowonekera cha kapangidwe kake pa chophimbacho kuti inki idutsemo.
Kenako chophimbacho chimauma ndipo chosindikiziracho chidzapanga kukhudza kulikonse kofunikira kapena kukonza kuti chizindikirocho chikhale pafupi ndi kapangidwe koyambirira momwe zingathere. Tsopano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chikombolecho.
Gawo 5: Chinthucho chakonzeka kusindikizidwa
Chophimbacho chimayikidwa pa chosindikizira. Chinthu kapena chovala chomwe chiyenera kusindikizidwa chimayikidwa pa mbale yosindikizira pansi pa chosindikiziracho.
Pali makina ambiri osindikizira osiyanasiyana, onse amanja ndi odzipangira okha, koma makina ambiri osindikizira amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira ozungulira okha, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kuti ma sikirini angapo osiyanasiyana azigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Pa makina osindikizira mitundu, makina osindikizirawa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana motsatizana.
Gawo 6: Dinani inki kudzera pazenera kupita ku chinthucho
Chophimbacho chimagwera pa bolodi losindikizidwa. Onjezani inki pamwamba pa chotchingiracho ndikugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira choyamwa kuti mukoke inkiyo kutalika konse kwa chotchingiracho. Izi zimakanikiza inkiyo pamalo otseguka a template, motero kuyika chithunzicho pa chinthu chomwe chili pansipa.
Ngati chosindikizira chikupanga zinthu zingapo, kwezani chinsalucho ndikuyika zovala zatsopano pa mbale yosindikizira. Kenako bwerezani njirayi.
Zinthu zonse zikasindikizidwa ndipo template yatha ntchito yake, njira yapadera yoyeretsera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa emulsion kuti chophimba chigwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga template yatsopano.
Gawo 7: Umitsani chinthucho, yang'anani ndikumaliza
Kenako chinthu chosindikizidwacho chimadutsa mu choumitsira, chomwe "chimachiritsa" inki ndikupanga mawonekedwe osalala, osatha. Chinthu chomaliza chisanaperekedwe kwa mwiniwake watsopano, chimawunikidwa ndikutsukidwa bwino kuti chichotse zotsalira zonse.
4. Zida zosindikizira pazenera
Kuti makina osindikizira apeze zosindikizira zoyera komanso zomveka bwino, makina osindikizira amayenera kukhala ndi zida zoyenera kuti amalize ntchitoyi. Pano, tikambirana za chipangizo chilichonse chosindikizira pa sikirini, kuphatikizapo ntchito yomwe chimagwira pa ntchito yosindikiza.
| makina osindikizira pazenera |
Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kusindikiza pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde a maukonde ndi squeegee yokha, ma printers ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira chifukwa amalola kusindikiza zinthu zambiri bwino. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makina osindikizira amasunga chinsalu pakati pa mapepala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo asinthe pepala kapena zovala kuti zisindikizidwe mosavuta.
Pali mitundu itatu ya makina osindikizira: makina osindikizira amanja, makina osindikizira okha ndi makina osindikizira okha. Makina osindikizira amanja amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri. Makina osindikizira okha ndi opangidwa pang'ono, koma amafunikabe anthu kuti asinthe zinthu zosindikizidwa, pomwe makina osindikizira okha ndi okhazikika ndipo safuna mphamvu zambiri.
Mabizinesi omwe amafuna mapulojekiti ambiri osindikizira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira odzipangira okha kapena odzipangira okha chifukwa amatha kusindikiza mwachangu, moyenera komanso popanda zolakwika zambiri. Makampani ang'onoang'ono kapena makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira pazenera ngati chizolowezi angaone kuti makina osindikizira a pakompyuta (nthawi zina amatchedwa makina osindikizira "manja") ndi oyenera zosowa zawo.
| inki |
Inki, utoto, kapena utoto umakankhira kudzera pa sikirini ya ukonde ndikulowa mu chinthu chomwe chiyenera kusindikizidwa, ndikusamutsa mtundu wa kapangidwe ka stencil kupita ku chinthucho.
Kusankha inki sikungokhudza kusankha mtundu wokha, palinso njira zina zambiri. Pali inki zambiri zaukadaulo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pa chinthu chomalizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, osindikiza amatha kugwiritsa ntchito inki zowala, inki zopindika, kapena inki zopumira (zomwe zimakula kuti zikhale pamwamba) kuti apange mawonekedwe apadera. Osindikiza adzaganiziranso mtundu wa nsalu yosindikizira pazenera, chifukwa inki zina zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pazinthu zina kuposa zina.
Posindikiza zovala, chosindikiziracho chimagwiritsa ntchito inki yomwe imatha kutsukidwa ndi makina ikatha kutsukidwa ndi kutentha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisawonongeke komanso kuvala kwa nthawi yayitali zomwe zingathe kuvala mobwerezabwereza.
| chophimba |
Chophimba chomwe chikusindikizidwa pazenera ndi chimango chachitsulo kapena chamatabwa chophimbidwa ndi nsalu yopyapyala ya mauna. Mwachikhalidwe, mauna awa ankapangidwa ndi ulusi wa silika, koma masiku ano, asinthidwa ndi ulusi wa polyester, womwe umapereka magwiridwe antchito ofanana pamtengo wotsika. Kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi wa mauna kumatha kusankhidwa kuti kugwirizane ndi pamwamba posindikizidwa kapena kapangidwe ka nsaluyo, ndipo malo pakati pa mizere ndi ochepa, kotero kuti zambiri zitha kupezeka posindikiza.
Pambuyo poti chophimbacho chaphimbidwa ndi emulsion ndikuonekera, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsanzo. Pambuyo poti njira yosindikizira chinsalu yatha, ikhoza kutsukidwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
chokopera |
Chokokera ndi chokokera cha rabara chomwe chimamangiriridwa ku bolodi lamatabwa, chogwirira chachitsulo kapena pulasitiki. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira inki kudzera pa sikirini ya ukonde ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chosindikizidwa. Osindikiza nthawi zambiri amasankha chokokera chomwe chili ndi kukula kofanana ndi chimango cha sikirini chifukwa chimapereka chophimba chabwino.
Chokokera cha rabara cholimba kwambiri ndi choyenera kwambiri posindikiza mapangidwe ovuta okhala ndi tsatanetsatane wambiri, chifukwa chimatsimikizira kuti ngodya zonse ndi mipata mu nkhungu zimayamwa inki mofanana. Posindikiza mapangidwe osafotokoza zambiri kapena kusindikiza pa nsalu, chokokera cha rabara chofewa komanso chothandiza nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
| Malo oyeretsera |
Zophimba ziyenera kutsukidwa mutagwiritsa ntchito kuti muchotse zotsalira zonse za emulsion, kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito posindikiza mtsogolo. Malo ena akuluakulu osindikizira angagwiritse ntchito mitsuko yamadzimadzi apadera oyeretsera kapena asidi kuchotsa emulsion, pomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito sinki kapena sinki ndi payipi yamagetsi yokha kuti ayeretse chophimbacho.
5. Kodi inki yosindikizira pazenera idzachotsedwa?
Ngati chovalacho chasindikizidwa bwino ndi katswiri wophunzitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito inki yotsukidwa ndi kutentha, kapangidwe kake sayenera kutsukidwa. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mtundu wake sutha, chosindikizira chiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti inkiyo yayikidwa motsatira malangizo a wopanga. Kutentha koyenera komanso nthawi youma zimadalira mtundu wa inki ndi nsalu yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero malangizo ayenera kutsatiridwa ngati chosindikizira chikufuna kupanga chinthu chotsukidwa chomwe chingathe kutsukidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
6. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kusindikiza pazenera ndi kusindikiza kwa digito ndi kotani?
Kusindikiza kwa digito kokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito (DTG) kumagwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira cha nsalu (monga chosindikizira cha inkjet computer) kuti chisamutsire zithunzi mwachindunji ku nsalu. Zimasiyana ndi kusindikiza pazenera chifukwa chosindikizira cha digito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa kapangidwe kake mwachindunji ku nsalu. Chifukwa palibe stencil, mitundu yambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri mu wosanjikiza wosiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza mapangidwe ovuta kapena okongola kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi kusindikiza pazenera, kusindikiza kwa digito sikufuna kukhazikitsa kulikonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusindikiza kwa digito ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri posindikiza zovala zazing'ono kapena zinthu chimodzi. Ndipo chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za pakompyuta m'malo mwa matempulo, ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga zithunzi kapena mapangidwe atsatanetsatane. Komabe, chifukwa mtunduwo umasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madontho amitundu ya CMYK m'malo mwa inki yeniyeni yamitundu, sungapereke mtundu womwewo monga kusindikiza pazenera. Simungagwiritsenso ntchito chosindikizira cha digito kuti mupange zotsatira zowoneka bwino.
Fakitale Yopangira Zovala ya Siyinghongali ndi zaka 15 zogwira ntchito yosindikiza zovala, ndipo ali ndi zaka 15 zogwira ntchito yosindikiza. Tikhoza kupereka malangizo aukadaulo osindikiza ma logo a zitsanzo zanu/katundu wanu wambiri, ndikupangira njira zoyenera zosindikizira kuti zitsanzo zanu/katundu wanu wambiri akhale wangwiro. Muthalankhulani nafenthawi yomweyo!
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-21-2023
