1.Polyesterulusi
Ulusi wa polyester ndi polyester, ndi wa polyester yosinthidwa, ndi wa mtundu wochiritsidwa (wosinthidwa ndi anzanu kumbukirani) umathandiza kuti poliyesitala ikhale ndi madzi ochepa, imalowa bwino, imapaka utoto wochepa, imapaka mosavuta, imapaka utoto mosavuta ndi zofooka zina. Imachokera ku terephthalic acid yoyengedwa (PTA) kapena dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) ndi ethylene glycol (EG) ngati zipangizo zopangira esterification kapena transesterification ndi condensation reaction kuti ikonzekere polymer yopangira - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yopota komanso yopangidwa ndi ulusi pambuyo pake.
Ubwino: kuwala kowala, kowala bwino, kosalala, kosalala, kotanuka bwino; Kuyina koletsa makwinya, kukana kuwala bwino; Gwirani silika mwamphamvu ndi dzanja ndikumasula popanda kuoneka ngati wapindika.
Zoyipa: kuwala sikofewa mokwanira, kupendekera kochepa, utoto wovuta, kukana kusungunuka bwino, mabowo osavuta kupanga pamaso pa mwaye, Mars ndi zina zotero.
Kupezeka kwa polyester
Polyester, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1942 ndi JR Whitfield ndi JT Dixon, idauziridwa ndi kafukufuku wa WH Carothers, wasayansi waku America yemwe adapeza nayiloni! Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ulusi, imatchedwanso polyester, ndipo ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, m'mabotolo a zakumwa za pulasitiki, imatchedwa PET.
Njira: Kupanga ulusi wa polyester nthawi zambiri kumafuna njira zotsatirazi
(1) Kupoletsa: terephthalic acid ndi ethylene glycol (nthawi zambiri ethylene glycol) zimapoletsa kuti zipange polyester polymer;
(2) Kuzungulira: mwa kusungunula polima ndikudutsa mu mbale yozungulira kuti apange ulusi wopitilira;
(3) Kukonza ndi kutambasula: ulusi umaziziritsidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi kutambasulidwa pa machira kuti ukhale wolimba komanso wolimba;
(4) Kupanga ndi kukonza pambuyo pake: ulusi ukhoza kupangidwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga nsalu, kuluka, kusoka, ndi kukonza pambuyo pake, monga kupaka utoto, kusindikiza ndi kumaliza.
Polyester ndi nsalu yosavuta kwambiri mwa nsalu zitatu zopangidwa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo. Ndi mtundu wa nsalu ya ulusi wa mankhwala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuti imakhala yolimba bwino komanso imasunga mawonekedwe, kotero ndiyoyenera zinthu zakunja monga zovala zakunja, matumba amtundu uliwonse ndi mahema.
Ubwino: mphamvu zambiri, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu pafupi ndi ubweya; Kukana kutentha, kukana kuwala, kukana kuvala bwino komanso kukana mankhwala;
Zoyipa zake: kusakhala ndi utoto wabwino, kusakhala ndi mphamvu yosungunuka bwino, kusayamwa bwino chinyezi komanso kusaphwanyika mosavuta, komanso kusaphwanyika mosavuta.
2.Thonje
Amanena za nsalu yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje ngati zinthu zopangira. Kawirikawiri, nsalu za thonje zimakhala ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso sizimatentha kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuvala. Makampani ena ovala zovala omwe amafunikira chinyezi chambiri amatha kusankha nsalu za thonje zokha kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mayunifolomu a sukulu nthawi yachilimwe.
Ubwino: kuyamwa kwa chinyezi cha thonje kumakhala bwino, kusinthasintha kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, kutentha ndi kukana kwa alkali, thanzi;
Zoyipa: tsitsi losavuta kukwinya, losavuta kufupika, losavuta kusinthika, losavuta kumamatira limaopa kwambiri asidi, pamene thonje lokhala ndi sulfuric acid wokhuthala limapakidwa utoto, thonje limatenthedwa m'mabowo.
3.Nayiloni
Nayiloni ndi dzina lachi China la nayiloni yopangidwa ndi ulusi wa synthetic, dzina lomasuliridwa limatchedwanso "nayiloni", "nayiloni", dzina lasayansi ndi polyamide fiber, kutanthauza polyamide fiber. Chifukwa fakitale ya Jinzhou chemical fiber ndiyo fakitale yoyamba yopanga ulusi wa polyamide mdziko lathu, imatchedwa "nayiloni". Ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri wa ulusi wopangidwa ndi synthetic padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino, chuma chake cholemera, chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ubwino: wolimba, wokana kuvala bwino, wokhala pamwamba pa ulusi wonse; Kutanuka ndi kulimba kwa nsalu ya nayiloni ndikwabwino kwambiri.
Zoyipa: N'zosavuta kuisintha ndi mphamvu yakunja yochepa, kotero nsalu yake imakhala yosavuta kukwinya ikagwiritsidwa ntchito; Mpweya wochepa, komanso yosavuta kupanga magetsi osasinthasintha.
4.Spandex
Spandex ndi mtundu wa ulusi wa polyurethane, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kwabwino, imadziwikanso kuti ulusi wosalala, womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nsalu zobvala ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe a kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zovala zolimba, zovala zamasewera, jockstrap ndi sole, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za ntchito, ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: nsalu yosalala ya warp, nsalu yosalala ya weft ndi nsalu yosalala ya warp ndi weft.
Ubwino: Yotambasuka kwambiri, yosungidwa bwino, komanso yopanda makwinya; Yolimba kwambiri, yolimba bwino, yolimba ngati asidi, yolimba ngati alkali, yolimba ngati chitsulo; Ili ndi utoto wabwino ndipo siyenera kutha.
Zoyipa: mphamvu yoipa kwambiri, kusayamwa bwino chinyezi; Spandex nthawi zambiri siigwiritsidwa ntchito yokha, koma imasakanizidwa ndi nsalu zina; Kusalimba kwa kutentha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-18-2024
